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Ngoni (instrument)
The ngoni or "n'goni" is a string instrument originating in West Africa. Its body is made of wood or calabash with dried animal (often goat) skin head stretched over it. The ''ngoni'', which can produce fast melodies, appears to be closely related to the ''akonting'' and the ''xalam''. This is called a ''jeli ngoni'' as it is played by griots at celebrations and special occasions in traditional songs called ''fasa''s in Mandingo. Another larger type, believed to have originated among the donso, a hunter and storyteller caste of the Wasulu people is called the ''donso ngoni''. This is still largely reserved for ceremonial purposes. The ''donso ngoni'', or "hunter's harp" has six strings. It is often accompanies singing along with the ''karagnan'', a serrated metal tube scraped with a metal stick. The smaller ''kamale ngoni'' has entered popular musical styles such as Wassoulou music.
The ''ngoni'' is known to have existed since 1352, when Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveller reported seeing one in the court of Mansa Musa. It is believed to have evolved into the banjo in North America after Mande slaves were exported there. Battuta also reported the balafon.
== Kamale Ngoni ==
The ''kamale ngoni'' or "young man's harp" was invented by the musician Alata Brulaye in the 1960s. It is smaller than, and tuned a fourth higher than, the traditional ''ngoni'', often made of calabash rather than wood, and has eight, ten or twelve strings. It became popular in the Wassoulou region and contributed to the rise of Wassoulou music in the 1980s and 90s.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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